@prefix : <https://w3id.org/narn/location/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xml: <http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@base <https://w3id.org/narn/location/> .

<https://w3id.org/narn/location/> rdf:type owl:Ontology ;
                                   rdfs:comment "An ontology for defining types of places and spatial relationships."@en ;
                                   rdfs:label "Place and Location Ontology"@en ;
                                   <https://purl.org/dc/terms/created> "2026-03-11"^^xsd:date ;
                                   <https://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> <https://w3id.org/people/erdemonal/me> ;
                                   <https://purl.org/dc/terms/modified> "2026-03-19"^^xsd:date ;
                                   <https://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix> "loc" ;
                                   <https://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri> "https://w3id.org/narn/location/" .

#################################################################
#    Annotation properties
#################################################################

###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://purl.org/dc/terms/created
<https://purl.org/dc/terms/created> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
<https://purl.org/dc/terms/creator> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://purl.org/dc/terms/modified
<https://purl.org/dc/terms/modified> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix
<https://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


###  https://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri
<https://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri> rdf:type owl:AnnotationProperty .


#################################################################
#    Datatypes
#################################################################

###  http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#date
xsd:date rdf:type rdfs:Datatype .


#################################################################
#    Object Properties
#################################################################

###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/borders
:borders rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
         rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSpatialRelation ;
         rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
                  owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
         rdfs:comment "Two places share a boundary but neither contains the other."@en ;
         rdfs:label "borders"@en ;
         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "adjacent to"@en ;
         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Doriath borders Brethil."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/contains
:contains rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
          rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSpatialRelation ;
          owl:inverseOf :isAPartOf ;
          rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ;
          rdfs:domain :Place ;
          rdfs:range :Place ;
          rdfs:comment "Inverse of isAPartOf."@en ;
          rdfs:label "contains"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "includes"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Beleriand contains Doriath."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/hasSpatialRelation
:hasSpatialRelation rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:domain :Place ;
                    rdfs:range :Place ;
                    rdfs:comment "A general spatial relation between two places."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "has spatial relation"@en ;
                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "spatially related to"@en ;
                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Doriath has a spatial relation to Brethil, as they border each other."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/isAPartOf
:isAPartOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
           rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSpatialRelation ;
           rdf:type owl:TransitiveProperty ;
           rdfs:domain :Place ;
           rdfs:range :Place ;
           rdfs:comment "Indicates that a place constitutes a subarea of another place."@en ;
           rdfs:label "is a part of"@en ;
           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "part of"@en ;
           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Dor-lómin is a part of Hithlum."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/isNear
:isNear rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
        rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasSpatialRelation ;
        rdf:type owl:SymmetricProperty ,
                 owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
        rdfs:comment "Two places are in proximity."@en ;
        rdfs:label "is near"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "close to"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "The river Narog is near Nargothrond."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/isStrictlyInsideOf
:isStrictlyInsideOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
                    rdfs:subPropertyOf :isAPartOf ;
                    rdf:type owl:AsymmetricProperty ,
                             owl:TransitiveProperty ,
                             owl:IrreflexiveProperty ;
                    rdfs:comment "Stricter form of isAPartOf where boundaries do not touch."@en ;
                    rdfs:label "is strictly inside of"@en ;
                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "strictly within"@en ;
                    <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Gondolin is strictly inside of Tumladen."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/isTheCapitalOf
:isTheCapitalOf rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
                         owl:FunctionalProperty ;
                rdfs:domain :Settlement ;
                rdfs:range :Realm ;
                rdfs:comment "A settlement is the capital of a realm."@en ;
                rdfs:label "is the capital of"@en ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "capital of"@en ;
                <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Menegroth is the capital of Doriath."@en .


#################################################################
#    Classes
#################################################################

###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Building
:Building rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:subClassOf :Place ;
          owl:disjointWith :NaturalArea ;
          rdfs:comment "A constructed structure."@en ;
          rdfs:label "building"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "structure"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "The great hall of Menegroth is a building within the city."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/City
:City rdf:type owl:Class ;
      rdfs:subClassOf :Settlement ;
      owl:disjointWith :Village ;
      rdfs:comment "A large and significant settlement."@en ;
      rdfs:label "city"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "urban area"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Gondolin is a hidden city in Tumladen."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Continent
:Continent rdf:type owl:Class ;
           rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea ,
                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                             owl:onProperty :isAPartOf ;
                             owl:allValuesFrom [ rdf:type owl:Class ;
                                                 owl:complementOf :LandArea
                                               ]
                           ] ,
                           [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                             owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :isTheCapitalOf
                                            ] ;
                             owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
                             owl:onClass :Settlement
                           ] ;
           rdfs:comment "A major landmass."@en ;
           rdfs:label "continent"@en ;
           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "landmass"@en ;
           <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Endor is a continent within Arda."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Desert
:Desert rdf:type owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
        owl:disjointWith :Forest ;
        rdfs:comment "A barren, arid area with little vegetation."@en ;
        rdfs:label "desert"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "wasteland"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "The Anfauglith is a desert north of Beleriand."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Forest
:Forest rdf:type owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf :WoodedArea ;
        rdfs:comment "A large, dense wooded area."@en ;
        rdfs:label "forest"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "wood"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Brethil is a forest where Túrin lived under the name Turambar."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Fortress
:Fortress rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:subClassOf :Settlement ;
          rdfs:comment "A fortified place, typically a military stronghold."@en ;
          rdfs:label "fortress"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "stronghold"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Angband is Morgoth's fortress in the Iron Mountains."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Hill
:Hill rdf:type owl:Class ;
      rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
      rdfs:comment "A naturally raised area of land, smaller than a mountain."@en ;
      rdfs:label "hill"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "hillock"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Amon Rûdh is a hill where Túrin hid with Mîm."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Lake
:Lake rdf:type owl:Class ;
      rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
      rdfs:comment "A large body of water surrounded by land."@en ;
      rdfs:label "lake"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "body of water"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "There is a lake near the hidden city of Gondolin."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/LandArea
:LandArea rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:subClassOf :Place ;
          rdfs:comment "A place that is primarily defined by its land territory."@en ;
          rdfs:label "land area"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "land"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Dor-lómin is a land area in Hithlum."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Mountain
:Mountain rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
          owl:disjointWith :River ,
                           :Sea ;
          rdfs:comment "A large natural elevation of the earth's surface."@en ;
          rdfs:label "mountain"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "peak"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Ered Wethrin borders Hithlum."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/NaturalArea
:NaturalArea rdf:type owl:Class ;
             rdfs:subClassOf :Place ;
             owl:disjointWith :Settlement ;
             rdfs:comment "A place defined by natural geographic features rather than habitation."@en ;
             rdfs:label "natural area"@en ;
             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "natural feature"@en ;
             <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Brethil is a natural area east of Doriath."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Place
:Place rdf:type owl:Class ;
       rdfs:comment "A named location that has geographic or spatial significance in a story."@en ;
       rdfs:label "place"@en ;
       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "location"@en ;
       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Beleriand is a place in Middle-earth."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Realm
:Realm rdf:type owl:Class ;
       owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :LandArea
                                                  [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                                                    owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :isTheCapitalOf
                                                                   ] ;
                                                    owl:someValuesFrom :Settlement
                                                  ]
                                                ) ;
                             rdf:type owl:Class
                           ] ;
       rdfs:subClassOf :LandArea ;
       rdfs:comment "A territory under the rule of a king or sovereign authority."@en ;
       rdfs:label "realm"@en ;
       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "kingdom"@en ;
       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Doriath is a realm ruled by King Thingol, with Menegroth as its capital."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Region
:Region rdf:type owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf :Place ;
        rdfs:comment "A large geographic area, typically contains multiple subplaces."@en ;
        rdfs:label "region"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "area"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Beleriand is a region containing Doriath, Hithlum, and Brethil."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/River
:River rdf:type owl:Class ;
       rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
       rdfs:comment "A large natural stream of water."@en ;
       rdfs:label "river"@en ;
       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "waterway"@en ;
       <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "The river Narog flows near Nargothrond."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Sea
:Sea rdf:type owl:Class ;
     rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
     rdfs:comment "A large body of salt water."@en ;
     rdfs:label "sea"@en ;
     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "ocean"@en ;
     <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Belegaer is the Great Sea west of Middle-earth."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Settlement
:Settlement rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:subClassOf :Place ,
                            [ rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
                              owl:onProperty :isAPartOf ;
                              owl:someValuesFrom :Place
                            ] ;
            rdfs:comment "A place where people live permanently."@en ;
            rdfs:label "settlement"@en ;
            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "inhabited place"@en ;
            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Menegroth is a settlement within Doriath."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Town
:Town rdf:type owl:Class ;
      rdfs:subClassOf :Settlement ;
      owl:disjointWith :Village ;
      rdfs:comment "A settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city."@en ;
      rdfs:label "town"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "township"@en ;
      <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "There is a town along the road between Doriath and Nargothrond."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/UndergroundCity
:UndergroundCity rdf:type owl:Class ;
                 owl:equivalentClass [ owl:intersectionOf ( :City
                                                            :UndergroundPlace
                                                          ) ;
                                       rdf:type owl:Class
                                     ] ;
                 rdfs:comment "A city built underground, within caves or excavated halls."@en ;
                 rdfs:label "underground city"@en ;
                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "subterranean city"@en ;
                 <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Menegroth is an underground city, the capital of Doriath."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/UndergroundPlace
:UndergroundPlace rdf:type owl:Class ;
                  rdfs:subClassOf :Place ;
                  rdfs:comment "A place located beneath the surface of the earth."@en ;
                  rdfs:label "underground place"@en ;
                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "subterranean place"@en ;
                  <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Menegroth and Nargothrond are underground places."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Valley
:Valley rdf:type owl:Class ;
        rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
        rdfs:comment "A low area of land between hills or mountains."@en ;
        rdfs:label "valley"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "vale"@en ;
        <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Tumladen is the valley where Gondolin was built."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/Village
:Village rdf:type owl:Class ;
         rdfs:subClassOf :Settlement ;
         rdfs:comment "A small settlement, typically in a rural area."@en ;
         rdfs:label "village"@en ;
         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "hamlet"@en ;
         <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "There is a small village in Brethil where woodsmen live."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/WildArea
:WildArea rdf:type owl:Class ;
          rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
          rdfs:comment "An uncultivated, uninhabited region."@en ;
          rdfs:label "wild area"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "wilderness"@en ;
          <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "The wild lands between Doriath and Nargothrond."@en .


###  https://w3id.org/narn/location/WoodedArea
:WoodedArea rdf:type owl:Class ;
            rdfs:subClassOf :NaturalArea ;
            rdfs:comment "A land area predominantly covered by trees."@en ;
            rdfs:label "wooded area"@en ;
            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel> "woodland"@en ;
            <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#example> "Brethil is a wooded area in Beleriand."@en .


###  Generated by the OWL API (version 5.1.18) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi/